Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics

Table of Contents FUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS Some Recallings of Physics Some Definitions of Thermodynamics Equation of State The First Law of Thermodynamics Mathematical Counterparts of First Law Enthalpy and Heat Capacity Heats of Reactions- Thermochemistry Thermochemistry (Following)-Heats of Reactions and Bond Energies The First Law and the Ideal Gases The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Entropy Function Calculations Involving the Function Entropy Further Considerations on the Meaning of Function Entropy Free Energy, Free Enthalpy-Helmholtz and Gibbs Energies Open and Closed Systems-Different Expressions of the Composition of a Solution Escaping Tendency-Gibbs Energy Change Accompanying a Reaction Between Perfect Gases Partial Molar Quantities-Chemical Potential Gibbs Energy Change Accompanying a Chemical Reaction-General Equilibrium Condition of a Chemical Reaction Activity-Ideal Solutions-Standard States The Mass Action Law-Equilibrium Constant of a Chemical Reaction Gibbs Energy Function Changes: Further Comments Obtention of Reactional Gibbs Energies and of Standard Enthalpies and Entropies Ligand Binding to Macromolecules Open Systems-Some Rudiments of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Some Generalities on the Kinetics of Chemical Reactions SOME ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Acid-Base Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Redox Reactions-Redox Couples-Brief Description of an Electrochemical Cell Other Equilibria in Solutions The Natural Trick'' for Bioenergetics to Function THERMODYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL CELLS Enzymes-Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions The Flow of Energy in the Biological World Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine Diphosphate, Monophosphate and Derivatives NAD+: Some Physico-Chemical Properties The Transfer of Chemical Energy with the Aid of ATP Glycolysis and Fermentation The Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation-Photosynthesis The Pentose Phosphates Pathway-Glucogenesis The Chemical Work of Biosynthesis Lipids and Amino-Acids as Fuel Active Transport and Electrical Work The Molecular Basis of the Informational System-The Replication of DNA-The Transcription to mRNA-Protein Biosynthesis Biological Information Appendices

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• Biofísica
• Bioquímica